In many Third World countries fisheries are not really managed by their
governments, either because there’re no rules, or if any, because they’re
not enforced. Not every fishery, however, that is not managed, de-facto or
de-jure, is in a bad shape. The North Atlantic fisheries, however, hardly
suffer from a lack of management. If, any they are over-managed. In any
case, something must’ve gone wrong with their management. If, after all
those years of EU’s management, the recommendation says moratorium, and
after exhausting negotiations, the resulting deal limits the groundfish
fleet’s operation to 15 days/month, and reduces the quota by 45-55%, one
must recognize a case of lingering mismanagement .
But, mismanagement is a parentless baby. Scientists blame political
managers, managers blame the industry, the industry blames both and the
environment. But fisheries management is a system comprising all the above
and more. It is like an engine in which all the parts must work in a
synchrony, while being fed with the right fuel, and lubricated with the
right oil. It must have adequate scientific information and analysis, which
must include understanding of the role of environmental factors. It needs
managers that would use the above to form workable rules, acceptable to
industry, and otherwise enforceable. Enough if one of those goes wrong, the
whole management machinery misfires.
Fisheries management requires knowledge of fishery biology and ecology,
population dynamics, and historical data of the fishery and of
environmental and associated stock fluctuations in its area, on the one
hand, and negotiations, legislation, technology, and enforcement, on the
other. Fisheries management, however, is also about distributing the wealth
derived from the fishery resources and allocating benefits. Hence, it
reflects the political and economical ideology of the managers. Although,
fisheries management aims at maintaining fish stocks at sustainable levels,
it cannot manage directly fish populations and their environment. All it
can manage is people's actions, their equipment and activities. In
practice, it manages mainly fishermen. Doubtless, in the case of the North
Atlantic fisheries important political factors from outside the fisheries
domain played a major role in skewing management decisions.