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Forest Biodiversity and Nature
Reserve Management in China
Shirong Liu and Xun Yan
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Present Status and
Perspective of Nature Reserves in China
5.1 Management system . China
has already established the legislation system of nature reserves although it
has not been perfect so far. In recent ten years, the legislation in relation to
environmental protection and nature conservation has accelerated in China. For
example, "Rules for Forest and Wildlife Type Nature Reserves" was
approved by the State Council and implemented by the Ministry of Forestry in
July 1985, and "Regulations of Nature Reserves" was promulgated in
October 1994. In addition, "Forest Laws", "Environmental
Protection Laws" and "Protection Laws of Wildlife" were also
promulgated. "Regulations of Nature Reserves" indicated that the
National Environmental Protection Agency take the responsibility of
comprehensive coordination in nature reserve management, and other
administrative organizations, including forestry sector, agriculture sector,
oceans sector, hydrology, geology and mining sector, are responsible for their
nature reserve management.
Of the 926 nature reserves in China, 566 have set up organizational
structure. The number of nature reserves that have established organization
structure accounts for 94 per cent of the total State-level reserves and 70 per
cent of the total province-level reserves, respectively. Up to 1997, there were
17,000 staff engaged in biodiversity conservation, distributed in 618 nature
reserves. The average of total staff and technical personnel for each nature
reserve is 27.53 and 5.7, respectively.
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Table 6. The status of personnel in nature reserves of
different levels |
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Level |
Number of Reserves |
Number of staff |
Number of technical personnel |
Total staff |
Total average |
Total average |
Ratio of
technicians
to total |
|
State |
124 |
115 |
6889 |
59.9 |
1713 |
14.9 |
24.7% |
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Province |
392 |
287 |
7718 |
26.9 |
1196 |
4.2 |
15.5% |
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Municipality |
84 |
53 |
690 |
13 |
186 |
3.5 |
27.0% |
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County |
326 |
163 |
1718 |
10.5 |
451 |
2.8 |
26.2% |
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Total |
926 |
618 |
17015 |
27.5 |
3536 |
5.7 |
20.8% |
5.2 Major constrains. The major constrains to effective
conservation and management of nature reserves in China are identified as
follows:
- As a rapid population growth and fast-developing economy, the conflicts
between resource exploration and conservation is increasing;
- The general management plan either for the whole country, each management
sector, or each individual nature reserve has not been officially formulated and
implemented, and this leading to incomplete national network of nature reserves,
uneven geographical distribution pattern, and unbalanced coverage of all
different types of natural ecosystem in China;
- The land-property has not been clearly recognized for many of nature
reserves, and therefore effective conservation can not implemented in reserves;
- Many nature reserves face financial shortage;
- The policies, laws and sectorial regulations for nature reserves have not
reached perfection and lack of effective enforcement;
- Lack of standardized operational processes and procedure, and lack of
sophisticated management techniques and approaches as well;
- Lack of perfect management system, i.e. functioning division and
decision-making process, and lack of qualified and trained work force.
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